Realtasting
Science & pleasure

The Ice Cream Lab

Five calculators for perfect ice cream: base balance, vegan base, sorbet, fruit mix-ins and cream blending. With a freezing-time forecast for your freezer and container — Remy does the math, you do the licking.

Read the manual

Your freezer setup

-18 °C
-25 °C-8 °C

Freezing time (core)

≈ 19 h

Serving temperature

≈ -4.8 °C

Ninja Creami

plan on 24 h

g
g
g
g

Balance

502 g

Fat0.2%
0102030
Sugar4.5%
0142235
MSNF0.0%
071220
Total solids19.7%
0364255
PAC (anti-freeze)17.6
0242845

POD (sweetness)

4

Serving temperature

≈ -4.8 °C

Remy's tip

Too icy for the freezer: 22 g dextrose lifts PAC without much extra sweetness.

Lean: more cream brings the creaminess.

Low solids → coarse ice crystals. Add skim milk powder, inulin or maltodextrin.

The math behind it

An ice-cream base is arithmetic with four quantities: fat 10–20%, sugar 14–22%, milk solids non-fat (MSNF) 7–12% and total solids 36–42%. Every ingredient contributes its share — the calculator sums: fat% = Σ(grams × fat fraction) ÷ total grams.

Sugar has two superpowers: POD (sweetening power, sucrose = 100) and PAC (anti-freezing capacity, sucrose = 100). Dextrose sweetens less (POD 74) but protects almost double (PAC 190) — so you tune texture and sweetness separately. PAC = Σ(sugar × PAC factor) + lactose from MSNF.

The freezing point comes from the Leighton table (1927): PAC is first normalized to the water phase (PAC ÷ water% × 100), then the table yields the freezing-point depression (FPD). Serving happens when ~72% of the water is frozen: T_serving ≈ −FPD ÷ 0.28. If your freezer runs colder, the ice cream is firmer there — temper it or raise the PAC.

Freezing time is estimated with Plank's equation for cylinders: t = ρ·L/(T_f−T_a) · (P·D/h + R·D²/k) — density ρ, latent heat L (≈334 kJ/kg × water fraction), container diameter D, air heat-transfer h, ice conductivity k. Plus a 35% margin, because cores dawdle.

Glossary

PAC (anti-freeze)

Anti-freezing capacity: how strongly an ingredient lowers the freezing point, in sucrose equivalents (sugar = 100, dextrose = 190, glycerine = 371). High PAC = soft ice cream at low temperature.

POD (sweetening power)

Relative sweetness in sucrose equivalents (sugar = 100, dextrose = 74, lactose = 16). With POD and PAC you tune sweetness and texture independently.

MSNF (milk solids)

Milk Solids Non-Fat: milk protein, lactose and minerals. Binds free water and smooths the ice cream — target 7–12%.

Total solids

Everything that is not water: fat, sugar, MSNF and other solids. Too few solids means coarse, watery crystals.

FPD (freezing point depression)

How many degrees below 0 °C the mix starts to freeze. We read it from the Leighton table (1927), normalized to the water phase.

Degrees Brix

Sugar content as percent of mass — 30 Brix = 30 g sugar per 100 g. Sorbet targets 27–32 Brix.

Stabilizer

Guar or xanthan gum (0.15–0.35%): binds water and slows crystal growth in storage. Mandatory in vegan bases, which lack milk protein.

Maceration

Resting fruit with ⅓ of its weight in sugar: osmosis pulls sugar into the fruit and lowers its freezing point — otherwise pieces turn rock hard.

Re-spin

A second pass in the Ninja Creami, usually with 1 tbsp of liquid: turns a crumbly first spin into creamy ice cream. Not a mistake — physics.

Overrun

Whipped-in air as percent of volume. Soft serve ~50%, premium ice cream 20–30%, Creami pints barely any — which is why they are so dense.